The Fund is structured as a fiscal investment institution (fiscale beleggingsinstelling, or ‘FII’) within the meaning of Article 28 of the Dutch Corporate Income Tax Act 1969 (Wet op de vennootschapsbelasting 1969). An FII is subject to Dutch corporate income tax at a rate of 0%, provided that certain requirements are met regarding the Fund’s distribution of profits, its activities, leverage and shareholders.
An FII is obliged to distribute its distributable profit annually within eight (8) months after the end of the relevant fiscal year (doorstootverplichting). The distributable profit generally only includes current income (dividends, interest and rental income). The (realised and unrealised) gains on securities and the realised gains on all other investments (including real estate), which are added to a so-called reinvestment reserve (herbeleggingsreserve), are not included in the distributable profit.
An FII is obliged to be engaged exclusively in portfolio investment activities, i.e. it may not (partly) conduct an active trade or business. Whether an activity is characterised as a portfolio investment activity or as a business activity for Dutch tax purposes depends on all the relevant facts and circumstances. Additional rules apply for real estate development activities related to the FII’s own real estate portfolio. Improvements to existing properties do not qualify as development activities provided that the capital expenditure is less than 30% of the value of the property as determined by the Dutch Valuation of Immovable Property Act (Wet waardering onroerende zaken) prior to the improvements.
An FII may finance its investments with debt up to a maximum of 60% of the fiscal book value of the real estate property, plus 20% of the fiscal book value of all other investments.
To qualify as an FII, the Fund must be owned for at least 75% by:
Individuals
Entities that are not liable for profit tax and the profits of which are not taxed at the level of the beneficiaries
Entities that are exempt from profit tax and the profits of which are not taxed at the level of the beneficiaries
Listed/regulated FIIs
It is also prohibited for entities resident in the Netherlands to collectively own an interest of 25% or more in the Fund through one or more mutual funds or corporate entities not resident in the Netherlands with a capital divided into shares; and no single individual may own an interest of 5% or more.
In December 2016 the Fund established a taxable subsidiary, Bouwinvest Dutch Institutional Residential Fund Services B.V., which renders services that are ancillary to renting activities of the Fund. Since no services were recognised in 2016, the taxable profit was nihil.
The Residential Fund met the requirements of an FII in 2016. The effective tax rate was therefore 0%.